Social class, ethnicity, and speech variation MCQs

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1. What does speech variation often indicate in a society?





2. The study of how language varies across social groups is called:





3. William Labov’s research on New York department stores showed:





4. Social class affects language through:





5. What is an ethnolect?





6. Which sociolinguistic variable did Labov focus on in New York City?





7. African American Vernacular English (AAVE) is an example of:





8. Which factor often overlaps with ethnicity in shaping speech patterns?





9. A prestige dialect is:





10. What is covert prestige?





11. Social stratification in language is most visible in:





12. What is linguistic profiling?





13. Which ethnic group’s English variety is commonly studied in the UK?





14. Speech accommodation refers to:





15. Which theory explains why people shift between speech varieties in different settings?





16. Vernacular speech is typically:





17. Hypercorrection is often linked to:





18. Which social class is often associated with the use of Received Pronunciation (RP) in the UK?





19. Ethnic identity in speech is maintained through:





20. Code-switching in multi-ethnic societies often reflects:





21. Social networks influence language variation through:





22. What is the main cause of ethnic speech variation?





23. Which American city was central to Labov’s study of African American English?





24. Social mobility may lead to:





25. An ethnic dialect that becomes standardized may turn into:





26. Linguistic insecurity is often observed in:





27. Which factor does not typically affect speech variation?





28. Ethnolinguistic vitality measures:





29. Covert prestige is often seen in:





30. Language variation by ethnicity may lead to:





31. Which concept refers to the dominance of one group’s language over others?





32. Dialect leveling occurs when:





33. What is an example of ethnicity affecting speech in the US?





34. In multicultural cities, language contact often produces:





35. Intersectionality in language studies considers:





36. Which type of speech is often stigmatized?





37. Social class influences children’s language through:





38. Ethnic enclaves in cities often maintain:





39. The concept of “speech community” includes:





40. Who is considered a pioneer in studying social class and language variation?





41. Ethnic style-shifting means:





42. Which social factor often influences ethnic language retention?





43. Multicultural London English (MLE) is influenced by:





44. Accent discrimination is also known as:





45. Which factor promotes standard dialect adoption among minority groups?





46. Working-class speech often gains prestige in:





47. Language attitudes toward ethnic varieties can lead to:





48. In multilingual societies, social class affects:





49. Ethnic language loss in second-generation immigrants is often due to:





50. Speech variation by social class and ethnicity ultimately reflects:





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