Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) (Practice Test MCQs)

50 Score: 0 Attempted: 0/50

1. Solid waste mainly refers to:
(A) Liquid industrial effluents
(B) Non-liquid, non-gaseous discarded materials
(C) Treated wastewater
(D) Air pollutants

2. The average per capita solid waste generation in urban areas of developing countries is approximately:
(A) 0.1–0.2 kg/day
(B) 0.3–0.6 kg/day
(C) 0.8–1.0 kg/day
(D) 1.5–2.0 kg/day

3. The main component of municipal solid waste is:
(A) Metals
(B) Plastics
(C) Organic/biodegradable matter
(D) Glass

4. The first step in solid waste management is:
(A) Incineration
(B) Collection
(C) Segregation at source
(D) Composting

5. The term “MSW” stands for:
(A) Municipal Sanitary Waste
(B) Mixed Solid Waste
(C) Municipal Solid Waste
(D) Metallic Solid Waste

6. The calorific value of solid waste is important for:
(A) Composting
(B) Incineration and energy recovery
(C) Sanitary landfill
(D) Leachate control

7. Which waste category includes hospital and medical waste?
(A) Hazardous waste
(B) Industrial waste
(C) Agricultural waste
(D) Construction waste

8. The term “leachate” refers to:
(A) Gas produced during composting
(B) Liquid generated from waste decomposition and percolation
(C) Hazardous solid residue
(D) Industrial sludge

9. The primary goal of solid waste management is:
(A) To burn all waste
(B) To minimize adverse effects on health and environment
(C) To collect and store waste indefinitely
(D) To produce hazardous byproducts

10. Which is NOT a biodegradable waste?
(A) Food scraps
(B) Paper
(C) Yard waste
(D) Aluminum cans

11. The color of bins used for biodegradable waste in most systems is:
(A) Blue
(B) Green
(C) Yellow
(D) Red

12. The 3Rs in solid waste management stand for:
(A) Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
(B) Recover, Remove, Replace
(C) Reduce, Remove, Reuse
(D) Reuse, Rebuild, Renew

13. Sanitary landfills are designed to:
(A) Dump waste in open areas
(B) Minimize environmental impacts by controlled disposal
(C) Store only hazardous waste
(D) Burn waste underground

14. Open dumping of waste mainly causes:
(A) Soil enrichment
(B) Air, water, and soil pollution
(C) Groundwater recharge
(D) None of the above

15. The gas mainly produced in landfills is:
(A) Carbon dioxide
(B) Nitrogen
(C) Methane
(D) Hydrogen

16. Which method of waste treatment reduces waste volume the most?
(A) Composting
(B) Incineration
(C) Landfilling
(D) Recycling

17. The main disadvantage of incineration is:
(A) High volume reduction
(B) High energy recovery
(C) Air pollution if not controlled
(D) Production of compost

18. Composting converts biodegradable waste into:
(A) Leachate
(B) Fertile manure
(C) Plastic waste
(D) Ash residue

19. The C/N ratio favorable for composting is approximately:
(A) 10:1
(B) 20:1
(C) 25–30:1
(D) 50:1

20. Which waste category includes batteries and e-waste?
(A) Hazardous waste
(B) Biodegradable waste
(C) Construction waste
(D) Inert waste

21. Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) is produced from:
(A) Industrial chemicals
(B) Segregated high-calorific waste
(C) Inert debris
(D) Ashes

22. The term “solid waste hierarchy” refers to:
(A) Steps for collection of waste
(B) Preferred order of waste management practices
(C) Types of incinerators
(D) Waste density classification

23. Which is the most preferred waste management practice?
(A) Recycling
(B) Energy recovery
(C) Waste prevention/reduction
(D) Landfilling

24. Vermicomposting uses:
(A) Bacteria
(B) Earthworms
(C) Algae
(D) Fungi

25. The typical moisture content of fresh MSW is:
(A) 5–10%
(B) 15–20%
(C) 30–50%
(D) 70–80%

26. What is the main purpose of waste compaction?
(A) Increase leachate
(B) Reduce waste volume
(C) Increase methane release
(D) Enhance composting

27. Which waste collection system is most economical for large urban areas?
(A) House-to-house collection
(B) Curbside collection
(C) Central storage point collection
(D) Pneumatic pipeline collection

28. Hazardous waste should be disposed of using:
(A) Open dumping
(B) Controlled incineration and secured landfills
(C) River discharge
(D) Mixed with MSW

29. The typical density of uncompacted MSW is:
(A) 50–100 kg/m³
(B) 200–300 kg/m³
(C) 500–600 kg/m³
30. Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) focuses on:
(A) Only recycling
(B) Only landfilling
(C) Comprehensive approach including reduction, recycling, treatment, and disposal
(D) Only incineration

31. Which of the following is inert waste?
(A) Food waste
(B) Paper
(C) Construction and demolition debris
(D) Plastics

32. “Source reduction” means:
(A) Reducing waste at the generation point
(B) Sorting waste at landfill
(C) Treating waste before collection
(D) Recycling plastics

33. Fly ash is generated from:
(A) Composting
(B) Incineration
(C) Recycling
(D) Vermicomposting

34. Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) applies mainly to:
(A) Municipal solid waste
(B) Hazardous chemicals
(C) Packaging, e-waste, plastics
(D) Construction debris

35. The main cause of landfill fires is:
(A) Heavy rainfall
(B) Methane gas accumulation and ignition
(C) Recycling operations
(D) Excess moisture

36. Waste-to-energy plants mainly operate on:
(A) Anaerobic digestion
(B) Incineration or pyrolysis
(C) Open dumping
(D) Landfilling

37. The term “bioreactor landfill” refers to:
(A) Landfill with no moisture control
(B) Landfill where biological processes are accelerated to stabilize waste
(C) Open dumping with leachate discharge
(D) Landfill for radioactive waste

38. E-waste contains:
(A) Only biodegradable matter
(B) Heavy metals and toxic components
(C) High organic content
(D) Only plastic material

39. The process of recovering materials from waste and converting them into new products is called:
(A) Composting
(B) Recycling
(C) Incineration
(D) Landfilling

40. Which waste has the highest recycling value?
(A) Glass bottles
(B) Organic kitchen waste
(C) Mixed inert debris
(D) Contaminated sludge

41. The main environmental concern of open landfills is:
(A) Noise
(B) Leachate and methane emission
(C) Increased temperature
(D) Reduced rainfall

42. Anaerobic digestion of organic waste produces:
(A) Oxygen
(B) Methane-rich biogas
(C) Ozone
(D) Carbon black

43. Which law/regulation governs solid waste in many countries?
(A) Water Pollution Control Act
(B) Hazardous Substances Act
(C) Municipal Solid Waste Rules
(D) Fisheries Act

44. What is the purpose of daily soil cover in sanitary landfills?
(A) Increase methane generation
(B) Prevent odor, pests, and windblown litter
(C) Absorb leachate
(D) Increase landfill capacity

45. Which method is suitable for rural solid waste management?
(A) Engineered landfill
(B) Open dumping
(C) Community composting
(D) High-tech incineration

46. Biomedical waste is commonly disinfected by:
(A) UV radiation
(B) Autoclaving and incineration
(C) Sun drying
(D) Chlorination alone

47. Plastic waste is considered problematic because:
(A) It decomposes rapidly
(B) It is biodegradable
(C) It is non-biodegradable and persistent
(D) It has no market value

48. Which gas contributes most to odor problems in open dumps?
(A) CO₂
(B) NH₃
(C) H₂S
(D) N₂

49. Segregation of waste at source helps to:
(A) Increase waste quantity
(B) Reduce recycling efficiency
(C) Improve recovery and processing
(D) Prevent incineration

50. The ultimate goal of solid waste management is to:
(A) Burn all waste
(B) Dispose of waste without harming health and environment
(C) Export waste to other countries
(D) Produce more landfills

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) (Practice Test MCQs)

1. Basic/Foundation Subjects

2. Core Civil Engineering Subjects

3. Advanced/Applied Subjects

4. Management and Planning

5. Environmental & Sustainable Development