Cellular Biophysics – MCQs

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1. The basic functional unit of life is:





2. The plasma membrane is primarily composed of:





3. The fluid mosaic model describes:





4. The main driving force for passive transport is:





5. Which organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell”?





6. ATP synthesis in mitochondria occurs at:





7. Osmosis is the movement of:





8. The cytoskeleton does NOT include:





9. Ion channels in membranes allow transport by:





10. Sodium-potassium ATPase transports ions in which ratio?





11. Endocytosis involves:





12. The nucleolus is the site of:





13. Gap junctions are important for:





14. Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes?





15. The resting membrane potential of most animal cells is approximately:





16. Which biophysical technique is used to study ion channels?





17. Microtubules are made of:





18. The main role of the Golgi apparatus is:





19. Which type of transport requires energy input?





20. Mitochondria and chloroplasts both contain:





21. The lipid bilayer is stabilized by:





22. The process of programmed cell death is called:





23. Cell membranes are selectively permeable due to:





24. Chloroplasts perform photosynthesis in which part?





25. Which cytoskeletal structure is involved in cell division spindle formation?





26. Aquaporins are membrane proteins that facilitate movement of:





27. The mitochondrial matrix contains enzymes for:





28. The nuclear envelope is continuous with:





29. Exocytosis is the process of:





30. In facilitated diffusion, carrier proteins:





31. The mitochondrial electron transport chain generates:





32. The main function of peroxisomes is:





33. Clathrin is associated with:





34. The cytoplasm is best described as:





35. The main structural component of the plant cell wall is:





36. Tight junctions function to:





37. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is distinguished by:





38. Actin filaments are essential for:





39. The pH inside lysosomes is approximately:





40. The mitochondrial ATP synthase uses:





41. The cytoskeleton helps in:





42. Which organelle detoxifies harmful compounds in liver cells?





43. Cell signaling pathways often use:





44. Which ion is most important for generating resting potential in neurons?





45. The major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is:





46. The endoplasmic reticulum responsible for lipid synthesis is:





47. The Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger in cells works by:





48. Vesicle trafficking between organelles is mediated by:





49. The main function of centrioles is:





50. In plant cells, turgor pressure is maintained by: