Human Variation and Adaptation – MCQs

1. What is the main cause of human skin color variation?
(A) Hemoglobin levels
(B) Diet
(C) Melanin concentration
(D) Environmental temperature

2. Which of the following best explains Bergmann’s Rule?
(A) Larger body size in colder climates
(B) Shorter limbs in warmer climates
(C) Smaller body size in colder climates
(D) Equal body size in all climates

3. What is the function of melanin in human skin?
(A) Produces sweat
(B) Reflects sunlight
(C) Protects against UV radiation
(D) Regulates body temperature

4. What is Allen’s Rule related to?
(A) Skull shape variation
(B) Limb length and climate
(C) Blood group distribution
(D) Height and intelligence

5. Which environmental factor has the greatest influence on skin pigmentation?
(A) Wind
(B) Ultraviolet radiation
(C) Soil nutrients
(D) Oxygen levels

6. Lactose tolerance in adults is an example of:
(A) Genetic mutation
(B) Cultural adaptation
(C) Biocultural evolution
(D) Behavioral variation

7. What adaptation helps high-altitude populations survive low oxygen levels?
(A) Lower heart rate
(B) Increased melanin
(C) Greater lung capacity
(D) Reduced metabolism

8. Sickle-cell trait provides resistance against:
(A) Tuberculosis
(B) Malaria
(C) Influenza
(D) Measles

9. Human variation is primarily shaped by:
(A) Random choices
(B) Political boundaries
(C) Evolutionary forces
(D) Religious beliefs

10. Acclimatization refers to:
(A) Permanent genetic changes
(B) Long-term species evolution
(C) Short-term physiological adjustments
(D) Changes due to migration