Economic Anthropology – MCQs 50 Score: 0 Attempted: 0/50 Subscribe 1. What does Economic Anthropology primarily study? (A) Climate patterns (B) Human economic behavior in cultural context (C) Human anatomy (D) World wars 2. The term “subsistence economy” refers to: (A) Economy based on industrial production (B) Economy focused on producing only for basic needs (C) Economy based on global trade (D) Economy relying on banking systems 3. Which anthropologist is well-known for contributions to Economic Anthropology? (A) Bronislaw Malinowski (B) Sigmund Freud (C) Isaac Newton (D) Albert Einstein 4. Which of the following is a form of non-market exchange in traditional societies? (A) Stock exchange (B) Redistribution (C) Credit card transaction (D) Online banking 5. Which type of economy is primarily based on hunting and gathering? (A) Industrial economy (B) Foraging economy (C) Agricultural economy (D) Service economy 6. In Economic Anthropology, “reciprocity” means: (A) Buying on credit (B) Giving and receiving gifts to maintain relationships (C) Paying taxes (D) Saving money in banks 7. What is “generalized reciprocity”? (A) Exchange with immediate return expected (B) Exchange among strangers (C) Exchange without expecting an immediate return (D) Buying and selling for profit 8. What type of exchange involves redistribution? (A) Giving gifts to strangers (B) Collection of goods by a central authority and their redistribution (C) Free market trading (D) Online shopping 9. Market economy is primarily based on: (A) Tradition (B) Centralized planning (C) Supply and demand (D) Religious beliefs 10. Who wrote The Gift, analyzing exchange and reciprocity in societies? (A) Karl Marx (B) Bronislaw Malinowski (C) Marcel Mauss (D) Claude Lévi-Strauss 11. What is barter? (A) Buying with money (B) Direct exchange of goods and services without money (C) Collecting taxes (D) Saving for future use 12. Economic systems in anthropology are classified into: (A) Capitalist and Socialist (B) Subsistence, Market, and Mixed economies (C) Foraging, Horticulture, Pastoralism, Agriculture, Industrialism (D) Savings and investments 13. Which society typically practices balanced reciprocity? (A) Small communities with strong social ties (B) Global corporations (C) Government institutions (D) Modern urban populations 14. Horticulture is characterized by: (A) Nomadic lifestyle (B) Large-scale irrigation farming (C) Small-scale gardening using simple tools (D) Reliance on machinery 15. The Potlatch ceremony is an example of: (A) Negative reciprocity (B) Redistribution (C) Tax payment (D) Credit transaction 16. Which of the following is an example of pastoralism? (A) Fishing (B) Herding animals for livelihood (C) Growing wheat on large farms (D) Working in offices 17. Negative reciprocity typically occurs: (A) Among family members (B) Between strangers or enemies (C) Within religious institutions (D) In ceremonial exchanges 18. “Mode of production” in anthropology refers to: (A) Religious beliefs (B) Technology and social relations for producing goods (C) Population growth (D) Transportation systems 19. Industrialized economies rely mainly on: (A) Animal power (B) Machines and factories (C) Slash-and-burn agriculture (D) Barter systems 20. What does “usufruct” mean in anthropology? (A) The right to own private property (B) Temporary right to use resources without owning them (C) Paying taxes to the government (D) Selling goods for profit 21. A “chiefdom” economy is most associated with: (A) Gift-giving (B) Centralized redistribution by a leader (C) Free market exchanges (D) Banking systems 22. Which form of reciprocity is most like modern market exchanges? (A) Generalized reciprocity (B) Balanced reciprocity (C) Negative reciprocity (D) Redistribution 23. Among foragers, property is usually: (A) Highly valued and inherited (B) Owned individually and traded (C) Limited to personal possessions and shared (D) Insured through banks 24. The Kula ring is an example of: (A) Balanced reciprocity (B) Ceremonial gift exchange system (C) Negative reciprocity (D) Modern currency system 25. The concept of “moral economy” emphasizes: (A) Maximizing profits (B) Exchange systems based on social obligations and fairness (C) International trade (D) Use of currency 26. Which of the following economic systems has the greatest surplus production? (A) Foraging (B) Horticulture (C) Agriculture (D) Pastoralism 27. In Economic Anthropology, money is understood as: (A) Only coins and paper notes (B) Any item or symbol used for exchange and valuation (C) Shells only (D) Gold and silver exclusively 28. Which system is commonly used by pastoralists to regulate land use? (A) Open grazing rights (B) State-issued licenses (C) Private ownership titles (D) Lease agreements 29. What distinguishes balanced from generalized reciprocity? (A) Balanced requires immediate and equivalent return (B) Balanced involves exchanges with strangers (C) Balanced requires taxation (D) Balanced requires profit 30. Redistribution is often controlled by: (A) The youngest family member (B) A central authority or leader (C) Foreign banks (D) Technology experts 31. Market exchanges are typically: (A) Based on friendship (B) Impersonal and profit-oriented (C) Conducted during religious rituals (D) Done in barter form only 32. Money’s key functions include: (A) Decoration, education, communication (B) Medium of exchange, store of value, unit of account (C) Internet access, free speech, transportation (D) Military spending, diplomacy, religion 33. Anthropologist Karl Polanyi distinguished between: (A) Redistribution, Reciprocity, Market Exchange (B) Politics, Religion, Economy (C) Foraging, Pastoralism, Agriculture (D) Trade, Exchange, Migration 34. Tribute is a form of: (A) Negative reciprocity (B) Balanced reciprocity (C) Redistribution (D) Barter 35. Which economic practice is common in small-scale horticultural societies? (A) Stock market trading (B) Slash-and-burn agriculture (C) Credit card payments (D) E-commerce 36. What is bridewealth? (A) A debt taken by newlyweds (B) Gifts or money given to a bride’s family by the groom’s family (C) Government marriage tax (D) Jewelry exchange 37. In Economic Anthropology, commodification refers to: (A) Turning goods and services into market commodities (B) Collecting charity donations (C) Paying religious tithes (D) Communal farming practices 38. Negative reciprocity is most likely to occur in: (A) Close-knit family groups (B) Competitive or unfamiliar relationships (C) Religious groups (D) Cooperative teams 39. Foraging economies are generally: (A) Sedentary (B) Highly mobile (C) Industrialized (D) Urban-based 40. The gift exchange system in the Trobriand Islands is known as: (A) Potlatch (B) Kula ring (C) Tribute (D) Stock exchange 41. Redistribution requires: (A) Individual greed (B) A central coordinating authority (C) Equal contributions from all members (D) Lack of leadership 42. Money as a standard of deferred payment allows for: (A) Immediate settlement of transactions (B) Future payments for present goods or services (C) Barter exchanges (D) Religious tithing 43. Pastoralism typically develops in: (A) Dense forests (B) Dry, open areas (C) Coastal regions (D) Urban centers 44. Which anthropologist contributed to the study of the Kula ring? (A) Bronislaw Malinowski (B) Franz Boas (C) Claude Lévi-Strauss (D) Margaret Mead 45. Which system best describes the distribution of food among hunter-gatherers? (A) Stockpiling (B) Communal sharing (C) Commercial sale (D) Auctions 46. Negative reciprocity often involves: (A) Generosity (B) Profit-seeking behavior (C) Immediate equal return (D) Long-term relationships 47. What is the primary feature of industrial economies? (A) Minimal surplus (B) Machine production and specialization of labor (C) Small-scale family production (D) Barter exchange 48. Balanced reciprocity requires: (A) Giving without expecting anything (B) Immediate and roughly equal return (C) Selling for maximum profit (D) Formal banking contracts 49. In pastoral societies, wealth is often measured in: (A) Money (B) Livestock (C) Jewelry (D) Real estate 50. Economic Anthropology shows that economies are: (A) Always based on capitalism (B) Shaped by social, cultural, and historical contexts (C) Universal in structure (D) Independent of cultural influence