Q#1. What is the primary focus of ethics?
(A) Economic efficiency
(B) Moral principles
(C) Legal enforcement
(D) Scientific discovery
Answer: (B) Moral principles
Q#2. Which branch of philosophy deals with the study of right and wrong?
(A) Aesthetics
(B) Metaphysics
(C) Ethics
(D) Epistemology
Answer: (C) Ethics
Q#3. Which of the following is a type of normative ethics?
(A) Utilitarianism
(B) Empiricism
(C) Realism
(D) Structuralism
Answer: (A) Utilitarianism
Q#4. Who is known as the father of modern utilitarianism?
(A) Socrates
(B) Aristotle
(C) Immanuel Kant
(D) Jeremy Bentham
Answer: (D) Jeremy Bentham
Q#5. Deontology is most closely associated with which philosopher?
(A) John Stuart Mill
(B) Immanuel Kant
(C) David Hume
(D) Karl Marx
Answer: (B) Immanuel Kant
Q#6. What is the ethical principle of “do no harm” known as?
(A) Beneficence
(B) Autonomy
(C) Non-maleficence
(D) Justice
Answer: (C) Non-maleficence
Q#7. Which theory states that the right action is the one that maximizes overall happiness?
(A) Egoism
(B) Kantian ethics
(C) Utilitarianism
(D) Virtue ethics
Answer: (C) Utilitarianism
Q#8. According to virtue ethics, morality is based on:
(A) Duties
(B) Laws
(C) Consequences
(D) Character
Answer: (D) Character
Q#9. Ethical relativism suggests that:
(A) Ethics is universal
(B) There is one right answer to every ethical question
(C) Ethics depends on culture and context
(D) Ethics is irrelevant
Answer: (C) Ethics depends on culture and context
Q#10. Which ethical theory emphasizes duties and rules?
(A) Utilitarianism
(B) Virtue Ethics
(C) Deontology
(D) Consequentialism
Answer: (C) Deontology
Q#11–20: Business & Professional Ethics
Q#11. A code of ethics in a company serves to:
(A) Increase profits
(B) Guide ethical behavior
(C) Eliminate competition
(D) Promote advertisements
Answer: (B) Guide ethical behavior
Q#12. Whistleblowing involves:
(A) Spreading gossip
(B) Reporting unethical practices
(C) Promoting the company
(D) Making profits
Answer: (B) Reporting unethical practices
Q#13. Insider trading is considered:
(A) Ethical
(B) Legal
(C) Unethical and illegal
(D) A company right
Answer: (C) Unethical and illegal
Q#14. Conflict of interest occurs when:
(A) An employee changes jobs
(B) A person’s personal interest interferes with professional duty
(C) A company merges with another
(D) Two employees disagree
Answer: (B) A person’s personal interest interferes with professional duty
Q#15. Ethical leadership involves:
(A) Maximizing revenue
(B) Avoiding decision-making
(C) Setting a moral example
(D) Ignoring employee concerns
Answer: (C) Setting a moral example
Q#16. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is:
(A) Illegal in most countries
(B) A strategy for customer care only
(C) A company’s responsibility towards society
(D) A profit-maximizing tool only
Answer: (C) A company’s responsibility towards society
Q#17. Which of the following is not a principle of business ethics?
(A) Integrity
(B) Transparency
(C) Deception
(D) Accountability
Answer: (C) Deception
Q#18. Fair trade is an example of:
(A) Unethical trade
(B) Government policy only
(C) Ethical consumerism
(D) Free market violation
Answer: (C) Ethical consumerism
Q#19. Sustainability in business ethics focuses on:
(A) Quick profits
(B) Short-term gains
(C) Long-term environmental and social impact
(D) Employee bonuses
Answer: (C) Long-term environmental and social impact
Q#20. Which of these is considered ethical behavior in the workplace?
(A) Discrimination
(B) Harassment
(C) Honesty
(D) Fraud
Answer: (C) Honesty
Q#21–30: Medical & Research Ethics
Q#21. Informed consent in medical ethics means:
(A) The doctor’s permission
(B) Patient’s unawareness
(C) Patient’s voluntary agreement after full disclosure
(D) A legal document signed under pressure
Answer: (C) Patient’s voluntary agreement after full disclosure
Q#22. The Hippocratic Oath is taken by:
(A) Engineers
(B) Lawyers
(C) Doctors
(D) Businessmen
Answer: (C) Doctors
Q#23. Which principle supports the right of patients to make their own decisions?
(A) Autonomy
(B) Justice
(C) Loyalty
(D) Maleficence
Answer: (A) Autonomy
Q#24. Research involving human subjects must be approved by:
(A) Supreme Court
(B) Ethics Review Committee
(C) Hospital Administration
(D) The Public
Answer: (B) Ethics Review Committee
Q#25. Which is unethical in medical research?
(A) Randomized trials
(B) Participant consent
(C) Fabricating data
(D) Confidentiality
Answer: (C) Fabricating data
Q#26. Ethical clinical trials must follow:
(A) WHO regulations
(B) National interest
(C) Helsinki Declaration
(D) Personal opinion
Answer: (C) Helsinki Declaration
Q#27. What is meant by “double-blind” in medical research?
(A) Neither subject nor researcher knows who receives treatment
(B) Both eyes are tested
(C) All data is confidential
(D) Only one person is tested
Answer: (A) Neither subject nor researcher knows who receives treatment
Q#28. Confidentiality in healthcare ethics means:
(A) Sharing patient data freely
(B) Discussing patient history in public
(C) Keeping patient information private
(D) Ignoring patient requests
Answer: (C) Keeping patient information private
Q#29. Which document outlines ethical principles for medical research?
(A) Paris Agreement
(B) Helsinki Declaration
(C) Rome Treaty
(D) UN Charter
Answer: (B) Helsinki Declaration
Q#30. Eugenics is considered:
(A) Ethical science
(B) A neutral policy
(C) An unethical manipulation of genetics
(D) A healthy practice
Answer: (C) An unethical manipulation of genetics
Q#31–50: General & Applied Ethics
Q#31. Ethics without religion is:
(A) Impossible
(B) Possible
(C) Illegal
(D) Unethical
Answer: (B) Possible
Q#32. Which is an ethical issue in AI?
(A) Speed of computers
(B) Data bias and privacy
(C) Internet speed
(D) Electricity usage
Answer: (B) Data bias and privacy
Q#33. Which of these is considered plagiarism?
(A) Citing sources
(B) Original writing
(C) Copying without credit
(D) Peer-reviewed publication
Answer: (C) Copying without credit
Q#34. What does “ethical dilemma” mean?
(A) A clear right answer
(B) No issue at all
(C) A conflict between two moral principles
(D) An easy ethical decision
Answer: (C) A conflict between two moral principles
Q#35. Bribery is considered:
(A) Professional
(B) Ethical
(C) Corrupt
(D) Strategic
Answer: (C) Corrupt
Q#36. The term “moral absolutism” refers to:
(A) Morality depends on situation
(B) Morality is relative
(C) Certain actions are always right or wrong
(D) Ethics is not important
Answer: (C) Certain actions are always right or wrong
Q#37. What is the opposite of egoism in ethics?
(A) Hedonism
(B) Utilitarianism
(C) Altruism
(D) Nihilism
Answer: (C) Altruism
Q#38. Environmental ethics deals with:
(A) Animal care only
(B) Human relationships
(C) Ethical relationship between humans and the environment
(D) Profit in business
Answer: (C) Ethical relationship between humans and the environment
Q#39. Which of these is NOT an ethical principle in information technology?
(A) Privacy
(B) Transparency
(C) Monopoly
(D) Data security
Answer: (C) Monopoly
Q#40. The main goal of ethical theories is to:
(A) Increase debate
(B) Confuse people
(C) Guide moral behavior
(D) Promote arguments
Answer: (C) Guide moral behavior
Q#41. Which philosopher is known for virtue ethics?
(A) Socrates
(B) Aristotle
(C) Kant
(D) Hume
Answer: (B) Aristotle
Q#42. Ethics in journalism includes:
(A) Sensationalizing news
(B) Verifying facts before reporting
(C) Ignoring sources
(D) Spreading rumors
Answer: (B) Verifying facts before reporting
Q#43. What is ethical egoism?
(A) Helping others at your own cost
(B) Acting in one’s self-interest
(C) Being neutral
(D) Ignoring ethics
Answer: (B) Acting in one’s self-interest
Q#44. Which principle is central to human rights ethics?
(A) Obedience
(B) Power
(C) Dignity
(D) Popularity
Answer: (C) Dignity
Q#45. Which is NOT an ethical theory?
(A) Deontology
(B) Natural law
(C) Consequentialism
(D) Thermodynamics
Answer: (D) Thermodynamics
Q#46. The concept of “the greatest good for the greatest number” is part of:
(A) Deontology
(B) Utilitarianism
(C) Altruism
(D) Relativism
Answer: (B) Utilitarianism
Q#47. Moral responsibility includes:
(A) Blaming others
(B) Acting ethically and accepting consequences
(C) Avoiding tough choices
(D) Ignoring outcomes
Answer: (B) Acting ethically and accepting consequences
Q#48. Which term refers to fairness in ethical decision-making?
(A) Justice
(B) Power
(C) Success
(D) Interest
Answer: (A) Justice
Q#49. Who emphasized the “categorical imperative”?
(A) Mill
(B) Nietzsche
(C) Kant
(D) Hobbes
Answer: (C) Kant
Q#50. Ethics can be applied in which area?
(A) Business
(B) Medicine
(C) Environment
(D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above