Nanobiophysics – MCQs

1. Nanobiophysics primarily studies:
(A) Biological processes at the nanoscale
(B) Planetary motions
(C) Classical thermodynamics only
(D) Geological structures

2. The typical size range of nanomaterials is:
(A) 1–100 nm
(B) 1–10 µm
(C) 0.1–1 mm
(D) 10–100 µm

3. The primary advantage of nanoparticles in biomedicine is:
(A) High surface area to volume ratio
(B) Infinite half-life
(C) Low reactivity
(D) Macroscopic properties

4. Quantum dots are:
(A) Semiconductor nanoparticles with size-dependent optical properties
(B) Metal ions in solution
(C) Large protein complexes
(D) Atomic nuclei

5. Gold nanoparticles are widely used in:
(A) Targeted drug delivery and imaging
(B) Protein sequencing only
(C) Electron transport in mitochondria
(D) Nerve impulse conduction

6. Carbon nanotubes are:
(A) Cylindrical nanostructures made of carbon atoms
(B) Linear DNA fragments
(C) Collagen fibers
(D) Metallic rods

7. Which microscopy technique is most commonly used in nanobiophysics?
(A) Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
(B) Light microscopy only
(C) PET scans
(D) X-ray crystallography only

8. The optical property of nanoparticles that changes with size is:
(A) Surface plasmon resonance
(B) Magnetic moment only
(C) Mechanical stiffness only
(D) Thermal conductivity

9. Liposomes used in drug delivery are classified as:
(A) Nanoscale vesicles
(B) Metallic nanoparticles
(C) Quantum wires
(D) DNA nanostructures

10. The phenomenon where materials exhibit different properties at the nanoscale is known as:
(A) Quantum confinement
(B) Resonance only
(C) Classical scaling
(D) Thermal expansion

11. DNA origami is used to:
(A) Construct nanoscale structures using DNA strands
(B) Sequence genomes
(C) Replicate proteins
(D) Enhance photosynthesis

12. The study of nanoscale mechanical properties of biomolecules often uses:
(A) Optical tweezers
(B) MRI
(C) Ultrasound
(D) PET scanning

13. A nanobiosensor detects:
(A) Biological molecules at the nanoscale
(B) Earthquakes
(C) Gravitational waves
(D) Macroscopic vibrations

14. The main challenge in nanomedicine is:
(A) Toxicity and biocompatibility of nanoparticles
(B) Lack of nanoscale structures in cells
(C) Absence of imaging techniques
(D) Inability to design polymers

15. Quantum dots emit fluorescence due to:
(A) Electron-hole recombination
(B) ATP hydrolysis
(C) Proton pumping
(D) Oxidation of glucose

16. Nanoparticle drug carriers improve therapy by:
(A) Enhancing targeted delivery and controlled release
(B) Reducing molecular binding
(C) Eliminating protein interactions
(D) Increasing half-life of DNA

17. Which material is commonly used in nanomedicine due to its biocompatibility?
(A) Gold
(B) Lead
(C) Mercury
(D) Uranium

18. The hydrodynamic diameter of nanoparticles is measured by:
(A) Dynamic light scattering (DLS)
(B) NMR
(C) X-ray diffraction
(D) Ultrasonography

19. Nanorobots are envisioned to:
(A) Perform medical tasks at cellular or molecular scale
(B) Replace entire organs
(C) Control gravitational waves
(D) Conduct electricity in wires

20. Graphene is:
(A) A single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice
(B) Protein crystal
(C) Metal oxide
(D) Lipid bilayer

21. The toxicity of nanoparticles often increases due to:
(A) Large surface area and reactive groups
(B) Reduced electron density only
(C) Higher melting point
(D) Lower solubility

22. Magnetic nanoparticles are applied in:
(A) MRI contrast agents
(B) DNA sequencing
(C) Photosynthesis
(D) Protein folding

23. The term “nanocarrier” refers to:
(A) Nanoparticle-based systems delivering drugs or genes
(B) Vehicle transporting nanosensors
(C) Atomic nucleus
(D) Ribosome unit

24. Fullerene (C60) is also called:
(A) Buckyball
(B) Nanotube
(C) Graphite sheet
(D) Nanorod

25. The main advantage of nanobiosensors is:
(A) High sensitivity and specificity at molecular levels
(B) Low conductivity
(C) Short shelf-life
(D) Only macroscopic detection

26. Surface functionalization of nanoparticles is done to:
(A) Improve biocompatibility and targeting
(B) Increase toxicity
(C) Reduce solubility
(D) Remove fluorescence

27. Protein corona forms on nanoparticles when:
(A) They interact with biological fluids
(B) They are heated
(C) They are magnetized
(D) They undergo crystallization

28. In drug delivery, PEGylation of nanoparticles is used to:
(A) Increase circulation time in blood
(B) Decrease solubility
(C) Block targeting ability
(D) Enhance protein aggregation

29. Plasmonic nanoparticles enhance:
(A) Local electromagnetic fields and optical signals
(B) Sound propagation
(C) Mechanical stiffness
(D) Protein hydrolysis

30. The fabrication of nanostructures by bottom-up methods involves:
(A) Self-assembly of molecules
(B) Mechanical cutting
(C) Grinding and milling
(D) Etching large surfaces

31. AFM operates by:
(A) Scanning surfaces with a sharp tip to measure forces
(B) Detecting gamma radiation
(C) Measuring UV absorption
(D) Analyzing X-ray scattering

32. The use of nanotechnology in cancer therapy mainly involves:
(A) Targeted drug delivery and imaging
(B) Reducing cell size
(C) Breaking DNA
(D) Eliminating oxygen

33. Which nanoparticles are sensitive to pH changes in drug release?
(A) Smart nanoparticles
(B) Gold nanoparticles
(C) Carbon nanotubes only
(D) Fullerenes only

34. A nanopore is:
(A) A tiny hole used to study single molecules like DNA
(B) An ion channel in proteins
(C) A ribosome site
(D) A lipid vesicle

35. Nanotoxicology is the study of:
(A) Harmful effects of nanomaterials on health and environment
(B) Classical toxic compounds only
(C) Radiation biology
(D) Large-scale pollution

36. Energy transfer in nanoscale biological systems often involves:
(A) Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)
(B) Proton pumps
(C) Thermal conduction only
(D) Electrical discharge

37. Hybrid nanoparticles combine:
(A) Organic and inorganic components
(B) Water and salts only
(C) DNA and RNA
(D) Proteins and lipids only

38. Nanomedicine can be applied to treat:
(A) Cancer, infections, and genetic disorders
(B) Earthquakes
(C) Planetary motions
(D) Food preservation only

39. The resolution of AFM can reach:
(A) Sub-nanometer scale
(B) Millimeter scale
(C) Micrometer scale only
(D) Kilometer scale

40. The main difference between nanospheres and nanocapsules is:
(A) Encapsulation of drug inside nanocapsules vs surface adsorption on nanospheres
(B) Shape differences only
(C) Magnetic properties only
(D) Quantum confinement

41. Which nanomaterial is commonly used in sunscreen?
(A) Titanium dioxide nanoparticles
(B) Mercury oxide
(C) Lead nitrate
(D) Carbon black

42. Nanotechnology improves biosensors by:
(A) Increasing detection sensitivity and speed
(B) Reducing all reactivity
(C) Making them invisible
(D) Lowering stability

43. Which technique is used to visualize nanoparticles in cells?
(A) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
(B) Light microscopy only
(C) Ultrasound
(D) MRI

44. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles lose magnetism when:
(A) External magnetic field is removed
(B) They are oxidized
(C) They are crystallized
(D) They are functionalized

45. Dendrimers are:
(A) Highly branched synthetic macromolecules used in nanomedicine
(B) Protein complexes
(C) DNA fragments
(D) Ion channels

46. The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect helps nanoparticles:
(A) Accumulate in tumor tissues
(B) Dissolve faster
(C) Bind only to DNA
(D) Transport oxygen

47. One key application of silver nanoparticles is:
(A) Antimicrobial coatings
(B) Energy production
(C) Neuronal signaling
(D) Vision correction

48. Nanoshells are typically composed of:
(A) Dielectric core with metallic coating
(B) DNA and RNA
(C) Protein crystals
(D) Carbon sheets

49. Which nanotechnology technique is used for gene delivery?
(A) Nanocarriers such as liposomes and dendrimers
(B) Magnetic resonance
(C) X-ray crystallography
(D) Classical electrophoresis

50. Nanobiophysics contributes to medicine by:
(A) Developing nanomedicine, biosensors, and advanced imaging techniques
(B) Reducing macroscopic tissue damage
(C) Studying only classical biology
(D) Replacing entire organs with machines