Language contact, pidgins, and creoles MCQs 50 Score: 0 Attempted: 0/50 Subscribe 1. What is language contact? (A) Interaction between speakers of the same language (B) Interaction between speakers of different languages (C) Mixing of dialects only (D) Development of a secret code 2. Which of the following is a result of language contact? (A) Monolingualism (B) Language isolation (C) Borrowing of words (D) Language fossilization 3. A pidgin is: (A) A fully developed native language (B) A simplified language used for communication between groups (C) A dialect of a standard language (D) A sign language 4. Pidgins typically arise in contexts of: (A) Isolation (B) Trade, colonization, or migration (C) Literary development (D) Religious rituals 5. A creole language is: (A) A pidgin that has become a native language (B) A dying language (C) A slang variety (D) A secret code 6. Which of the following is an example of a creole language? (A) Swahili (B) Haitian Creole (C) Latin (D) Sanskrit 7. What is the main difference between a pidgin and a creole? (A) Vocabulary size (B) Native speakers (C) Writing system (D) Phonetics 8. When a creole loses its distinctiveness and becomes closer to a dominant language, this is called: (A) Pidginization (B) Creolization (C) Decreolization (D) Standardization 9. Which factor contributes to the development of a pidgin? (A) Shared grammar (B) Linguistic isolation (C) Need for basic communication (D) Advanced literacy 10. What is the lexifier language in pidgin and creole studies? (A) The language with the largest number of speakers (B) The language that provides most of the vocabulary (C) The language spoken by children (D) The language of religion 11. Which of the following is NOT true about pidgins? (A) They are simplified languages (B) They have complex grammar from the start (C) They arise in multilingual contact zones (D) They are often temporary solutions 12. The process of turning a pidgin into a creole is called: (A) Lexification (B) Creolization (C) Language shift (D) Codification 13. Which of the following is a feature of most pidgins? (A) Tense markers are always present (B) Reduced vocabulary and grammar (C) Written literature (D) Phonetic complexity 14. A lingua franca is: (A) Always a pidgin (B) Any language used for communication between groups (C) A secret language (D) A dead language 15. In language contact, borrowing usually starts with: (A) Syntax (B) Pronouns (C) Vocabulary (especially nouns) (D) Verb inflections 16. Which theory explains creole development through gradual evolution from a pidgin? (A) Substratist theory (B) Gradualist theory (C) Monogenesis theory (D) Universal grammar theory 17. The substratum in a pidgin/creole context refers to: (A) Dominant language (B) Indigenous languages influencing the new language (C) Official language (D) Trade vocabulary 18. The superstratum in a creole usually refers to: (A) Indigenous language (B) Lexifier or colonizerās language (C) Ancient language (D) Regional dialect 19. Code-switching is different from pidginization because it: (A) Creates a new language (B) Uses elements from two or more languages without forming a separate system (C) Requires native fluency in one language only (D) Is always permanent 20. Which of the following is an example of a pidgin? (A) Tok Pisin (initially) (B) Modern French (C) Hindi (D) Classical Latin 21. Which stage comes first in most contact language scenarios? (A) Creolization (B) Pidginization (C) Standardization (D) Language death 22. Which sociolinguistic factor supports creole survival? (A) Monolingual education (B) Strong community identity (C) Suppression of minority languages (D) Isolation from trade 23. What is the process of creating a standard writing system for a pidgin or creole called? (A) Orthographic reform (B) Codification (C) Vernacularization (D) Relexification 24. Relexification involves: (A) Replacing grammar with that of another language (B) Replacing most vocabulary with another languageās words (C) Eliminating a language (D) Standardizing spelling 25. Which is a key characteristic of creole grammars? (A) They are always complex and irregular (B) They often simplify tense, aspect, and mood (C) They avoid noun phrases (D) They eliminate word order 26. Pidgins are usually: (A) Acquired as first languages (B) Learned as second or auxiliary languages (C) Written before spoken (D) Preserved as heritage languages 27. Creoles often emerge in: (A) Isolated monolingual communities (B) Colonial and trade settings (C) Linguistic laboratories (D) Internet communication only 28. Language contact can also result in: (A) Language extinction (B) Bilingualism (C) Mixed languages (D) All of the above 29. Which of the following is a mixed language rather than a pidgin or creole? (A) Michif (B) Haitian Creole (C) Nigerian Pidgin (D) Tok Pisin 30. What is the main function of a pidgin? (A) Express poetry (B) Provide limited communication for trade and interaction (C) Preserve heritage languages (D) Develop formal literature 31. When children grow up speaking a pidgin as their first language, it becomes: (A) A lingua franca (B) A creole (C) A dialect (D) An extinct language 32. Which creole is based primarily on English vocabulary? (A) Haitian Creole (B) Jamaican Patois (C) Louisiana Creole (D) Tok Pisin 33. Which factor threatens the survival of creoles today? (A) Urbanization (B) Globalization and dominance of standard languages (C) Increased literacy (D) Digital communication 34. The term āpidgin Englishā often refers to: (A) All non-standard English varieties (B) English-based pidgins in former colonies (C) Old English dialects (D) Secret slang 35. Pidgin and creole research is part of: (A) Applied linguistics only (B) Sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology (C) Archaeology (D) Computational phonetics 36. Which of the following is NOT typically a characteristic of pidgins? (A) Lack of native speakers (B) Simplified grammar (C) Rich literary tradition (D) Limited vocabulary 37. The first stage of pidgin development is often called: (A) Basilect (B) Pre-pidgin jargon (C) Acrolect (D) Mesolevel 38. In a post-creole continuum, the most standard-like variety is called: (A) Basilect (B) Mesolect (C) Acrolect (D) Hyperlect 39. Which process may occur when speakers shift from a creole to the dominant language? (A) Creolization (B) Decreolization (C) Lexification (D) Pidginization 40. Which linguistic area has contributed most to pidgin and creole studies? (A) Caribbean (B) Scandinavia (C) Siberia (D) Eastern Europe 41. Pidgins are often described as: (A) Transitional languages (B) Endangered languages (C) Revitalized languages (D) Sacred languages 42. Which creole has French as its lexifier language? (A) Haitian Creole (B) Tok Pisin (C) Nigerian Pidgin (D) Singapore English 43. The study of pidgins and creoles helps understand: (A) Language creation and evolution (B) Only ancient languages (C) DNA structures (D) Monolingual societies 44. Which term refers to the simplest form of a pidgin? (A) Acrolect (B) Basilect (C) Jargon stage (D) Mesolect 45. Which of the following best describes creole grammar compared to its lexifier? (A) Identical (B) Often simplified but systematic (C) Completely unrelated (D) Random 46. What is the social status of pidgins in most societies? (A) High-prestige languages (B) Often low-prestige, utilitarian (C) Official state languages (D) Religious languages 47. Pidgins rarely have: (A) Fixed spelling rules (B) Basic communication ability (C) Borrowed vocabulary (D) Oral tradition 48. Which term describes the variety of a creole closest to its lexifier language? (A) Acrolect (B) Basilect (C) Hyperlect (D) Mesolect 49. Creole studies often challenge which traditional linguistic belief? (A) That all languages evolve slowly over millennia (B) That written language is superior (C) That only standard languages are stable (D) That languages cannot emerge rapidly 50. Why are pidgins and creoles important in anthropology? (A) They reveal processes of cultural contact, adaptation, and identity (B) They replace indigenous languages (C) They prevent cultural exchange (D) They are ancient languages only Ā 1. Foundations of Linguistic Anthropology MCQsDefinition, scope, and history MCQsLanguage vs. communication MCQsHuman language vs. animal communication MCQsKey figures in linguistic anthropology MCQs2. 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